Jumat, 09 Maret 2018

TUGAS SOFTSKILL #1 TERJEMAHAN ARTIKEL TENTANG KEBUDAYAAN INDONESIA

ASRI JUL MEGITA (11614748) / 4SA01

KIRAB MALAM SATU SURO RITUAL



Satu Suro marks the first (‘satu’) day of the Suro month, which is considered the most sacred month of the Javanese calendar. Furthermore, Suro is the first month of the Javanese calendar, and coincides with Muharram – the first month of the Islamic calendar (Hijrah). Since ancient times, the Javanese spend the night (‘malam’) of Satu Suro through practicing meditation and contemplation. Besides spiritual practice, ceremonial rituals are performed at the Javanese royal palace (‘keraton’) of Surakarta and Yogyakarta.


Traditionally, the first day of the new year marks the beginning of a new life, i.e. a (spiritual and worldly) rebirth. In this way, then, Satu Suro also can be seen as a cleansing ritual, for it offers the Javanese the opportunity to purify themselves through performing austerities throughout the night. Hence, the majority of Javanese will abstain from eating, drinking, talking, and sleeping during the night of Satu Suro. This is believed to generate immeasurable merit and virtue, which will result in auspicious blessings of good luck, health and wealth for the coming year.


At midnight there is an ancient ritual performed by the royal court servants (‘abdi dalem’) at the keraton of Surakarta. This ritual is called ‘Kirab Malam Satu Suro’ and is performed according ancient tradition, which originates from the early days of the Mataram Kingdom in seventeenth century Java. The Kirab Malam Satu Suro ceremony involves the ritual cleansing (‘kirab’) of the collection of sacred heirloom items in the keraton. The heirloom collection mainly consists of traditional weapons such as ancient kerises (daggers) and tombak (spears), though it also includes several traditional music instruments (gamelan) and royal regalia.


However, perhaps the most unique heirloom item in the royal palace at Surakarta is Kyai Slamet Kebo Bule, an albino buffalo which is believed to possess supernatural abilities. The white buffalo is considered a royal descendant as well. The kebo bule, as it is often called, was offered as a royal gift to Sultan Pakubuwono II (1711–1749), who kept the animal as a pet. Kyai Slamet is a mystical heirloom that is inextricably linked with the traditional Javanese belief system (Kejawen). At midnight of Satu Suro, the Kirab Malam Satu Suro ceremony follows with a procession through the streets of Surakarta. The procession is leaded by the kebo bule, followed by the abdi dalem carrying the ritually cleansed heirloom items. Thus, auspicious blessings of protection and good health are bestowed upon the Javanese.






GOOGLE TRANSLATE VERSION



KIRAB MALAM SATU SURO RITUAL


Satu Suro menandai hari pertama bulan Suro (yang 'satu'), yang dianggap sebagai bulan paling suci dalam kalender Jawa. Selanjutnya, Suro adalah bulan pertama kalender Jawa, dan bertepatan dengan Muharram - bulan pertama kalender Islam (Hijrah). Sejak zaman kuno, orang Jawa menghabiskan malam (satu malam) satu Suro dengan berlatih meditasi dan kontemplasi. Selain latihan spiritual, ritual seremonial dilakukan di istana keraton 'Surakarta dan Yogyakarta.
Secara tradisional, hari pertama tahun baru menandai dimulainya kehidupan baru, yaitu kelahiran kembali (spiritual dan duniawi). Dengan cara ini, kemudian, Satu Suro juga bisa dilihat sebagai ritual pembersihan, karena ini memberi kesempatan kepada orang Jawa untuk menyucikan diri mereka melalui melakukan pertapaan sepanjang malam. Oleh karena itu, mayoritas orang Jawa tidak mau makan, minum, berbicara, dan tidur di malam hari Satu Suro. Hal ini diyakini menghasilkan kelebihan dan kebajikan yang tak terukur, yang akan menghasilkan keberuntungan keberuntungan, kesehatan dan kekayaan untuk tahun depan.
Pada tengah malam ada ritual kuno yang dilakukan oleh para pegawai istana ('abdi dalem') di keraton Surakarta. Ritual ini disebut 'Kirab Malam Satu Suro' dan dilakukan sesuai tradisi kuno, yang berasal dari masa-masa awal Kerajaan Mataram di Jawa abad ke-17. Upacara Kirab Malam Satu Suro melibatkan pembersihan ritual ('kirab') koleksi pusaka pusaka pusaka di keraton. Koleksi pusaka terutama terdiri dari senjata tradisional seperti keris kuno (belati) dan tombak tombak, meski juga mencakup beberapa instrumen musik tradisional (gamelan) dan regalia kerajaan.
Namun, mungkin item pusaka yang paling unik di istana kerajaan di Surakarta adalah Kyai Slamet Kebo Bule, seekor kerbau albino yang diyakini memiliki kemampuan supranatural. Kerbau putih juga dianggap keturunan bangsawan. Kebo bule, seperti yang sering disebut, ditawarkan sebagai hadiah kerajaan kepada Sultan Pakubuwono II (1711-1749), yang memelihara hewan itu sebagai hewan peliharaan. Kyai Slamet adalah pusaka mistis yang sangat terkait dengan sistem kepercayaan tradisional Jawa (Kejawen). Pada tengah malam Satu Suro, upacara Kirab Malam Satu Suro mengikuti sebuah prosesi melalui jalan-jalan di Surakarta. Prosesi dipimpin oleh kebo bule, diikuti oleh abdi dalem yang membawa barang pusaka yang telah dibersihkan secara ritual. Dengan demikian, keberuntungan perlindungan dan kesehatan yang baik diberikan kepada orang Jawa.




GOOGLE TRANSLATE REVISED VERSION




RITUAL KIRAB MALAM SATU SURO


Satu Suro menjadi tanda hari pertama bulan Suro ('satu') yang dianggap sebagai kalender paling suci dalam kalender Jawa. Kemudian, Suro adalah bulan pertama kalender Jawa yang bertepatan dengan Muharram - bulan pertama kalender Islam (Hijrah). Sejak zaman kuno, orang Jawa menghabiskan malam satu Suro dengan menjalankan semadi dan perenungan. Selain melakukan kegiatan spiritual, upacara adat juga dilakukan di istana kerajaan jawa (‘keraton’) Surakarta dan Yogyakarta.


 Menurut tradisi, hari pertama tahun baru menandakan dimulainya kehidupan baru, yaitu kelahiran kembali (rohani dan duniawi). Sehingga, Satu Suro juga bisa dilihat sebagai ritual pembersihan, karena memberi kesempatan kepada orang Jawa untuk menyucikan diri melalui pertapaan sepanjang malam. Oleh karena itu, mayoritas orang Jawa tidak mau makan, minum, berbicara, dan tidur selama malam Satu Suro. Hal itu diyakini bisa mendapat pahala dan kebajikan tanpa batas, yang akan membawa berkah keberuntungan, kesehatan dan kemakmuran untuk tahun yang akan datang.

Ada ritual kuno yang dilakukan oleh para pegawai istana ('abdi dalem') di keraton Surakarta pada tengah malam. Ritual ini disebut 'Kirab Malam Satu Suro' dan dilakukan sesuai tradisi kuno, yang berasal dari Kerajaan Mataram di Jawa pada awal abad ke-17. Upacara Kirab Malam Satu Suro meliputi pembersihan ritual ('kirab') koleksi pusaka suci di keraton. Koleksi pusaka itu terdiri dari senjata tradisional seperti keris kuno dan tombak, lalu benda-benda pusaka lain yang mencakup beberapa alat musik tradisional (gamelan) dan alat-alat kerajaan.

 Namun, konon barang pusaka yang paling unik di keraton Surakarta adalah Kyai Slamet Kebo Bule, seekor kerbau albino yang diyakini memiliki kemampuan supranatural. Kerbau putih itu juga dianggap keturunan bangsawan. Kerbau yang sering dipanggil Kebo Bule itu diberikan sebagai hadiah kerajaan kepada Sultan Pakubuwono II (1711-1749), yang memelihara hewan itu sebagai hewan peliharaan. Kyai Slamet adalah pusaka gaib yang sangat terkait dengan sistem kepercayaan tradisional Jawa (Kejawen). Pada tengah malam Satu Suro, prosesi upacara Kirab Malam Satu Suro digelar melewati jalan-jalan di Surakarta. Iring-iringan itu dipimpin oleh kebo bule dan diikuti oleh abdi dalem sambil membawa barang pusaka yang telah dibersihkan secara ritual. Dengan demikian, berkah perlindungan dan kesehatan yang baik akan diberikan kepada orang Jawa.



Sabtu, 20 Januari 2018

ERROR SENTENCE ANALYSIS (EXERCISE)


EXERCISE PBIBK 4

-      Alexander (10614783)

-      Asri Jul Megita (11614748)

-      Febriametra Olga Yolanda (14614110)

-      Talitha Rahma (1A614647)

4SA01



Choose the INCORRECT answer, then give the CORRECTION and EXPLANATION!

1.      Zoos in New Orleans, San Diego, Detroit, and the Bronx have become biological
                                                                                    A
parks where animals roams free and people watch from across a moat.

       B                         C                                D

Incorrect answer: C

Correction and explanation:

It should be roam because due to plural subject which is animals, then the verb must be without –s ending.



2.      George has not completed the assignment yet,  and Maria hasn’t neither

                     A                                 B          C                           D

Incorrect answer: D

Correction and explanation:

It should be hasn’t either because neither = not either, so both not (hasn’t) and neither can’t be used together. Besides, if we want to use neither there must be followed by nor.



3.      Hanny enjoyed to be able to meet several Congress members during her vacation.

                             A            B           C                                                    D

Incorrect answer: A

Correction and explanation:

It should be being because enjoyed must be followed by gerund, thus to be is change into being.



4.      No one would have attended the lecture if you told the truth about the guest speaker.

                                      A                                 B         C                     D

Incorrect answer: B

Correction and explanation:

The correct answer should be had told due to the form of “if” conditional type 3 (would have attended + if + had told) which tell a past unreal condition.



5.      Marie has registered for both the afternoon anthropology class as well as

                       A                                                                          B

the evening sociology lecture.

       C              D

Incorrect answer: B

Correction and explanation:

It should be and. Because both followed by and. Both and as well as are two separate usage items that should not be mixed together.


6.      Compact discs are affected neither by scratching and by dust.

                            A       B                 C                  D

Incorrect answer: D

Correction and explanation:

Because ‘neither...nor’ is correlative conjunction, thus the answer should be nor instead of and.  



7.      Plastics used to make textiles can be drawn into fine threads, then woven or knit

                                                          A                       B                C            D

      into fabrics.

Incorrect answer: D

Correction and explanation:

The correct answer must be knitted. Because it must be parallel with the verb before which is in past participle form.



8.      Henry David Thoreau stressed the importance in individuality and of living

                                                           A                                         B

in harmony with nature.

            C                     D

Incorrect answer: B

Correction and explanation:

It should be living. Because it must be parallel with the word before, which is the importance in individuality function as noun in the sentence should be followed by noun too (living in harmony).



9.      The coach was depending for his team to win the game so that they would have a

                                    A                          B                        C

chance to play in the Super Bowl.

            D

Incorrect answer: A

Correction and explanation:

The answer should be depending on. Because depend is a verb with specified preposition called phrasal verb.



10.  According to Freud, mental life is characterized by internal conflicts who are largely

            A                                                  B                                  C             D

unconscious.

Incorrect answer: C

Correction and explanation:

The word who must be which. Because the subject ‘internal conflict’ is non personal in adjective clause. Then it should be which because it refers to mental life.




Minggu, 19 November 2017

ERROR SENTENCES

TUGAS PBIBK 3
ASRI JUL MEGITA (11614748)
4SA01



The wrong answer is A. It should be “occurred”
Why it should use “occurred”? Because this sentence is past tense, therefore it should use verb 2 not verb 1. Besides, the sentence above is also an IF CONDITIONAL sentence type 2, which the pattern should be IF + SIMPLE PAST followed by  PRESENT CONDITIONAL. Thus, the sentence should be If a crisis occurred, those unfamiliar with the procedures wouldn't know how to handle the situation.




The wrong answer is D. It should be “woman”
Why it should use “woman”? Because this sentence only talks about one person, so it should use singular noun “woman” instead of plural noun “women”. Woman is a singular term used to describe one lady, however women is a plural term used to describe many lady. Thus, the sentence should be When she retired in 1989, tennis champion Christine Evert was the most famous woman athlete in the United Stated.




The wrong answer is C. It should be “sold”
Why it should use “sold”? Because the sentence above tells about past event which is indicates by “had bought”, therefore it should use verb past. Then, the sentence should be After she had bought herself a new automobile, she sold her bicycle.